Het Nieuwe Tussen 2019

The Co-Cities Report 27 last part of the research – translate them into operative tools and policy recommendations. The Labs were developed in collaboration with local authorities, policymakers and municipal representatives. The issues examined and the methodologies employed varied for each Lab but were all derived from the same theoretical background and the key-principles underpinning the vision of a sustainable city. Analysis ● Geographical Dimension: Tel Aviv, Israel; ● Catchment area: City; ● Urban collective governance: shared co- governance, small scale collaboration. ● The Enabling State: the State gave small support to the initiative in the form of small grants. ● Poolism: there are some “Sharing (Access/Gig) Economy” initiatives, entailing the temporary renting of goods or the creation of digital market platforms. Social barriers and the issue of trust turned out to be among the main obstacles in the achievement of Poolism in the real meaning of the term. ● Experimentalism: the case study is characterized not only by the presence of a very innovative methodology, but also by a process able to be adaptable, replicable and exportable in different contexts, connecting both micro and macro levels: local, regional, national and international. ● Tech justice: weak 50) Seoul, South Korea Summary Sharing City is unique in that it was initiated with full support of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, after a Sharing City declaration in 2012. After consultations with the public and advice from experts, the city set up a infrastructure for an ambitious program and supported 64 companies to develop various services. The project is based on a Sharing Ordinance, on a online Share Hub, and a public-private framework to fund sharing initiatives, but there is also a lot of work done on creating a sharing culture, even though the awareness of the general public is still too low. The project has generated a huge number of initiatives, massive usage, and several international awards. Analysis ● Geographical Dimension: Seoul, South Korea; ● Catchment area: City; ● Urban collective governance: Led by city govt, with legal framework for public-private partnerships; ● The Enabling State: Initiated and led by city itself; ● Poolism: Solving issues by promoting idle- sourcing and sharing culture; ● Experimentalism: Institutional and governance framework for continued support; ● Tech justice: 51) Bangalore, India Summary: The city of Bangalore is a successful Indian city. It is well known for being both a garden city and the Indian Silicon Valley 13 . It embodies both temptations of being a global smart city, focused on tech-drive innovation with the needs of rapidly growing population and the environmental constraints. Bangalore is the fourth largest city of the Indian subcontinent 14 with a population of more than eight millions inhabitants 15 . The city population increased progressively in the last ten years (in 2007, it was 7 million inhabitants) but it was already the most populated city of the state – Karnakata- at the end of the 19th Century 16 . Greater Bangalore City Corporation (Bruhat Bengalooru Mahanagara Pa- like) is the key ‘urban local body’ (ULB), the local governmental structure representing and responsible to the citizens for the city and outlying areas 17 . The main challenges of the urban governance of the city are related to the delivery of urban public services and infrastructure. The exemplary case is that of urban mobility: Bangalore has the higher rate of car per persons of the whole urban network in India, and this leads to a high urban congestion, that the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) struggles